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Understanding Pneumatic Valve Ports and Ways at AutomationDirect
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Valve Ports and Ways explained so you can find the right valve for your application.
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AutomationDirect sells thousands of pneumatic products, including pneumatic control valves. This is a 2 port, 2 position 2-way valve. These have a single path through the valve which can be opened or closed. Two port, 2-position valves provide a simple on/off function. They are used to connect, switch, or isolate discrete systems. With 3-port valves, the air path is either from the pressure port to the actuator port, or from the actuator port to the exhaust port. On this particular valve the exhaust port is a simple vent; others may have an option for connecting tubing. Three-port valves are often used with spring return cylinders so that the spring retracts the cylinder when the valve is in the exhaust position. This is needed because a cylinder must have a way to exhaust the air on the end of the cylinder you’re trying to move towards. Four-port valves offer the ability to extend and retract a cylinder using pneumatic force in both directions. When connected to a double-acting cylinder, a 4-port valve allows pressure from one port to extend the cylinder while allowing air from a second port to exhaust, and vice-versa. Two-position versions are used when simply extending and retracting the cylinder are desired, while three- position valves allow for special operations. The center closed version allows "inching" operations. By moving to the center position, you can stop the cylinder at any point. Because the center is closed, the cylinder ports can’t be exhausted so the cylinder is locked in this position. On a center open, the cylinder would still stop but it could be pushed in either direction. Five-port valves have the same functionality as 4-port valves except they have separate ports for exhaust from each side. So, what are ways? Simply put these are the "ways" that the air can enter or exit the valve. Usually, the number of ports and ways are the same but looking at this valve it is labeled as a 5 port 4 way. This is because 2 of the ports are exhaust and are counted as only 1 way. These separate exhaust ports are created for mechanical simplicity, not functionality, so they are not considered distinct "ways". The link above has some great resources to understand these terms and functions better and a great deal of other pneumatic information. AutomationDirect is providing the products and support you need to make us your common-sense way to buy industrial controls and pneumatics. If you need more assistance, please see our free tech support options here. We have a vast library of other videos. Please click here to view all product videos. Click here to subscribe to our YouTube channel for upcoming products and solutions.
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